Against Universality

There is no such thing as the universal.  There is only the particular.

Claims to universality need not be evaluated for truth or falsity.  They serve rhetorical ends.  To claim universality is to claim superiority.  It is a mark of empire.

In the academy, we’ve been in an age characterized by ‘after,’ by lateness.  We have asked, what’s past the post?  I respond: oppositionality.  We are no longer after.  We are against.


  1. Jared

    I am not sure I see how oppositionality is past the post. It would seem like being “against” would just be a return to Hobbes, to be pre the post.

  2. James

    Right, the early modern is post-post-modern. We early modernists are way ahead of our time.

  3. Jared

    In addition, would not such an absolute oppositionality result in just another form of universality?

  4. James

    Our oppositionality is always and everywhere relative.

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